Sverige (Sweden)
The 1949 Freedom of the Press Act (Swedish: Tryckfrihetsförordningen)
The 1991 Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (Swedish: Yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen)
United States of America
The Bill of Rights is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed to assuage the fears of Anti-Federalists who had opposed Constitutional ratification, these amendments guarantee a number of personal freedoms, limit the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and reserve some powers to the states and the public. While originally the amendments applied only to the federal government, most of their provisions have since been applied to the states by way of the Fourteenth Amendment, a process known as incorporation.
The National Archives displays the Bill of Rights as one of the three "Charters of Freedom". The original intent of these first ten Amendments was to restrict Congress from abusing its power. For example, the First Amendment – "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion" – was ratified by the states before all states had, of their own accord, disestablished their official churches.
The Federalist Papers argued that amendments were not necessary to adopt the Constitution. But without the promise in their ratification conventions, Massachusetts, Virginia and New York could not have joined the Union as early as 1789. James Madison, true to his word, managed the proposed amendments through the new House of Representatives in its first session. The amendments that became the Bill of Rights were ten proposals of the twelve that Congress sent out to the states in 1789.[k[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution#cite_note-51|]]]
Later in American history, applying the Bill of Rights directly to the states developed only with the Fourteenth Amendment.
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges ... of citizens ... nor ... deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny ... the equal protection of the laws.
The legal mechanism that courts use today to extend the Bill of Rights against the abuses of state government is called "incorporation". The extent of its application is often at issue in modern jurisprudence.
Generally, the Bill of Rights can be seen as the States addressing three major concerns: individual rights, federal courts and the national government’s relationships with the States.
Transdisciplinary Theme
Who we areCentral Idea
Rights and responsibilities are shared across cultures.SAT videos: Hiromu Julia Lucas Sudenur Tolga
Key Concepts
Function; Connection; ResponsibilityLines of Inquiry
How rights are viewed globally
Bayaka (Africa)
Bullying (USA)
Ecuador's Oil Problem (Ecuador)
Child Marriage (Yemen)
How rights are granted
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Click your name to reflect on the connections between The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and you:
Hiromu Julia Lucas Sudenur Tolga
How are rights granted in different countries?
Turkey
Part Two of the constitution is the bill of rights. Article Twelve guarantees "fundamental rights and freedoms", which are defined as including the:
Article 17: Personal Inviolability, Material and Spiritual Entity of the Individual (right to life)
Article 18: Prohibition of Forced Labour
Article 19: Personal Liberty and Security (security of person)
Article 20: Privacy of Individual Life
Article 21: Inviolability of the Domicile
Article 22: Freedom of Communication
Article 23: Freedom of Residence and Movement
Article 24: Freedom of Religion and Conscience
Article 25: Freedom of Thought and Opinion
Article 26: Freedom of Expression and Dissemination of Thought
Article 27: Freedom of Science and the Arts
Article 35: Right to property
Sverige (Sweden)
The 1949 Freedom of the Press Act (Swedish: Tryckfrihetsförordningen)
The 1991 Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (Swedish: Yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen)
Japan
Malaysia
The **Federal Constitution of Malaysia**
United States of America
The Bill of Rights is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed to assuage the fears of Anti-Federalists who had opposed Constitutional ratification, these amendments guarantee a number of personal freedoms, limit the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and reserve some powers to the states and the public. While originally the amendments applied only to the federal government, most of their provisions have since been applied to the states by way of the Fourteenth Amendment, a process known as incorporation.
The National Archives displays the Bill of Rights as one of the three "Charters of Freedom". The original intent of these first ten Amendments was to restrict Congress from abusing its power. For example, the First Amendment – "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion" – was ratified by the states before all states had, of their own accord, disestablished their official churches.
The Federalist Papers argued that amendments were not necessary to adopt the Constitution. But without the promise in their ratification conventions, Massachusetts, Virginia and New York could not have joined the Union as early as 1789. James Madison, true to his word, managed the proposed amendments through the new House of Representatives in its first session. The amendments that became the Bill of Rights were ten proposals of the twelve that Congress sent out to the states in 1789.[k[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution#cite_note-51|]]]
Later in American history, applying the Bill of Rights directly to the states developed only with the Fourteenth Amendment.
United States Bill of Rights
- No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges ... of citizens ... nor ... deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny ... the equal protection of the laws.
The legal mechanism that courts use today to extend the Bill of Rights against the abuses of state government is called "incorporation". The extent of its application is often at issue in modern jurisprudence.Generally, the Bill of Rights can be seen as the States addressing three major concerns: individual rights, federal courts and the national government’s relationships with the States.
Individual rights
The first Amendment defines American political community, based on individual integrity and voluntary association. Congress cannot interfere with an individual’s religion or speech. It cannot restrict a citizen’s communication with others to form community by worship, publishing, gathering together or petitioning the government.The First Amendment addresses the rights of freedom of religion (prohibiting Congress from establishing a religion and protecting the right to free exercise of religion), freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and freedom of petition.
Trial and sentencing
Afghanistan
Afghanistan Independent human rights commission
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan The Constitution of Afghanistan Chapter Two:Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens (38 articles)
Singapore
The Constitution of the Republic of Singapore is the supreme law of Singapore.
The government in Singapore has broad powers to limit citizens' rights and to inhibit political opposition.[1[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Singapore#cite_note-1|]]] In 2009, Singapore was ranked 133rd out of 175 nations by Reporters Without Borders in the Worldwide Press Freedom Index. Freedom in the World 2006 ranked Singapore 5 out of 7 for political freedom, and 4 out of 7 for civil liberties (where 1 is the most free), with an overall ranking of "partly free".
University of Minnesota - Human Rights Library - Ratification of International Human Rights Treaties by Country
From wikipedia
Actions required to protect rights
Names of Human Rights Leaders:
Ralph Abernathy
Susan B. Anthony
Ella Baker
James Baldwin
Daisy Bates
Dana Beal
Martin Luther King Jr
Nelson Mandela
Bill Clinton
Barack Obama
Alice Paul
Victoria Woodhull
Betty Friedan
Aung San Suu Kyi
Mahatma Ghandi
Independent Inquiry Resources
Rights & Responsibilities Blog Post Rubric
Rainforest Foundation
Human Rights Watch
Ixil Mayans
Brazilian tribes go online